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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">XML-Encryption</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>XML-Encryption</b> (<b>XML-Enc</b>) ist eine Spezifikation von Möglichkeiten, wie <a href="Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</a>-Dokumente <a href="Verschl%C3%BCsselung" title="Verschlüsselung">ver- und entschlüsselt</a> werden können.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmeh2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmeh2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Möglichkeiten"><span id="M.C3.B6glichkeiten"></span>Möglichkeiten</h2></div>
<p>Dabei sind folgende Möglichkeiten vorgesehen:
</p>
<ul><li>Verschlüsselung des gesamten XML-Dokumentes</li>
<li>Verschlüsselung eines einzelnen <a href="Element_(Auszeichnungssprache)" title="Element (Auszeichnungssprache)">Elementes</a> und seiner Unterelemente</li>
<li>Verschlüsselung des Inhaltes eines XML-Elementes</li>
<li>Verschlüsselung für mehrere Empfänger</li></ul>
<p>Dazu existieren einige spezielle Elemente. Die wichtigsten sind:<sup id="cite_ref-Schmeh2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmeh2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><code>EncryptedData</code> ist der einschließende Tag für die XML-Verschlüsselung. Das <a href="Attribut_(Auszeichnungssprache)" title="Attribut (Auszeichnungssprache)">Attribut</a> <code>Type</code> informiert darüber, ob ein ganzes XML-Element oder nur der Inhalt des Elementes verschlüsselt werden soll. Das Attribut <code>Type</code> ist optional.</li>
<li><code>EncryptionMethod</code> beschreibt den Algorithmus, der zur Verschlüsselung verwendet wird. Das Element ist optional. Wird dieses Element nicht verwendet, muss der Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus dem Empfänger bekannt sein.</li>
<li><code>KeyInfo</code> ist ein ebenfalls optionales Element, welches Informationen über den Schlüssel enthalten kann, mit dem die Daten verschlüsselt worden sind.</li>
<li><code>CipherData</code> ist das verschlüsselte Element. Es enthält entweder ein oder mehrere <code>CipherValue</code>-Elemente oder aber eine Referenz zu den verschlüsselten Daten (<code>CipherReference</code>).</li>
<li><code>CipherValue</code> enthält die verschlüsselten Daten.</li>
<li><code>CipherReference</code> ist eine Referenz zu den verschlüsselten Daten.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>
<p>Bei einem Bezahlvorgang im Internet könnte folgender XML-Datensatz auftreten:
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp"><?xml version='1.0'?></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><PaymentInfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">'http://example.org/paymentv2'</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Name></span>John<span class="w"> </span>Smith<span class="nt"></Name></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><CreditCard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Limit=</span><span class="s">'5,000'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Currency=</span><span class="s">'USD'</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Number></span>4019<span class="w"> </span>2445<span class="w"> </span>0277<span class="w"> </span>5567<span class="nt"></Number></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Issuer></span>Example<span class="w"> </span>Bank<span class="nt"></Issuer></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Expiration></span>04/02<span class="nt"></Expiration></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></CreditCard></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></PaymentInfo></span>
</pre></div>
<p>Eine Möglichkeit, die vertraulichen Kreditkarteninformationen zu schützen besteht darin, das gesamte Element „CreditCard“ zu verschlüsseln.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version='1.0'?></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><PaymentInfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">'http://example.org/paymentv2'</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Name></span>John<span class="w"> </span>Smith<span class="nt"></Name></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><EncryptedData</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Type=</span><span class="s">'http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element'</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">'http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><CipherData></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><CipherValue></span>A23B45C56<span class="nt"></CipherValue></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></CipherData></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></EncryptedData></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></PaymentInfo></span>
</pre></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">XML Signature</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Daniel Koch: <cite style="font-style:italic">XML-Verschlüsselung und weitere Sicherungsmaßnahmen</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">iX</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span>, 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>130–132</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:XML-Encryption&rft.atitle=XML-Verschl%C3%BCsselung+und+weitere+Sicherungsma%C3%9Fnahmen&rft.au=Daniel+Koch&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=iX&rft.pages=130-132" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlenc-core/"><i>XML-Encryption Syntax and Processing</i>.</a> (W3C, englisch)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Schmeh2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Schmeh2016_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Schmeh2016_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Klaus Schmeh: <cite style="font-style:italic">Kryptografie: Verfahren, Protokolle, Infrastrukturen</cite> (= <cite style="font-style:italic">iX Edition</cite>). 6. Auflage. dpunkt, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-86490-356-4, XML Encryption, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>398</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=Bxd4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA445#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:XML-Encryption&rft.atitle=XML+Encryption&rft.au=Klaus+Schmeh&rft.btitle=Kryptografie%3A+Verfahren%2C+Protokolle%2C+Infrastrukturen&rft.date=2016&rft.edition=6&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9783864903564&rft.pages=398&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pub=dpunkt&rft.series=iX+Edition" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlenc-core/#sec-eg-Granularity"><i>XML Encryption Syntax and Processing.</i></a> <a href="W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>, 10. Dezember 2002,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20. Oktober 2011</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AXML-Encryption&rft.title=XML+Encryption+Syntax+and+Processing&rft.description=XML+Encryption+Syntax+and+Processing&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxmlenc-core%2F%23sec-eg-Granularity&rft.publisher=%5B%5BW3C%5D%5D&rft.date=2002-12-10&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
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<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Anmerkungen</b>
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<p><a href="XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a> | <a href="Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a> | <a href="XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a> | <a href="Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a>
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<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Richtlinien</b>
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<p><a href="Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a> | Multimodal Interaction Activity | <a href="W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a>
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<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Initiativen</b>
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<p><a href="Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a>
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